“V走”和“V去”的替换条件及其认知理据

The Substitution Condition and the Cognitive Motivation of “ V zou (走)”and“V qu (去)”

"V走"和"V去"(本文分为"V去1/去2")都表"离开"、"位移",但其路径图式、扫描方式及表价值观的语用动因各自有别。"动程"最短的是"处理"义的"V去1",语义特征是[+离开][+位移][-动程][―目标];"动程"最长的是"给予"义的"V去2",为[+离开][+位移][+动程][+目标];介于二者之间的是凸显"无目标"的"V走",为[+离开][+位移][+动程][―目标]。这些语义特征制约着"V走"和"V去"的替换条件,进而决定其语用选择。而基于路径图式的认知动因,则是联结和贯穿句法、语义、语用的内在制约因素。这种分析方法可以应用于动趋式其他成员的研究。

Both structures ＂ Vzou ＂ and ＂ Vqu ＂ indicate ＂ leave ＂ and ＂ motion ＂.However,they differ from each other in ways of path schema,scanning as well as of the tendency of value-judgment.The movement which is the shortest is in ＂ V qu 1 ＂,which means ＂ dispose ＂,for it has the semantic feature of ＂ leave ＂ and ＂ motion ＂ and ＂ no movement ＂ and ＂ no target ＂.The movement which is the longest is in ＂ V qu 2 ＂,which means ＂ give ＂,for it has the semantic feature of ＂ leave ＂,＂ motion ＂,＂ movement ＂ and ＂ target ＂.Between these two is the structure ＂ Vzou ＂,which highlights the meaning of ＂ no target ＂,and it has the semantic feature of ＂ leave ＂ and ＂ motion ＂ and ＂ movement ＂ and ＂ no target ＂.These semantic features restrict the substitution of ＂ V zou ＂ and ＂ V qu ＂,and,furthermore,decide their pragmatic choice.The cognitive motivation which is based on the path schema is the internal motivation which links and penetrates the syntactical,semantical and pragmatical presentation.This way of analysis can be applied to the analysis of other members of verb-direction construction.