放射性勘查计量的发展及关键技术

Development and Key Technologies of Radioactivity Survey Measurement

放射性勘查计量从1958年开始简易点源标定,到1978年开始建立与天然辐射场2π空间辐射近似的实物模型标准,经历了约20年的仪器检查性测试计量和30余年的统一标准计量的发展历程,先后共研建了12项计量标准和1项模拟试验装置,其中4项标准已获得了国家专项计量授权。从中掌握了多项关键技术,形成了独特的放射性勘查计量保障体系,计量保障涵盖了放射性区域调查、局部详查、钻探等整个勘查过程,在为国家放射性勘查提供计量保障的同时,还为核应急、核设施退役等伽玛辐射环境航空监测提供了计量保障。

Radioactivity survey measurement has experienced in instrument inspecting measurement for about 20 years, from the calibration of simple point source in 1958 to the establishment of standards of the approximate physical model with natural radiation field of 2π space in 1978, and in standard measurement for more than 30 years, 12 measurement standards and 1 simulation test equipment have been developed, 4 measurement standards of which have been authorized by the State. A number of key technologies have been mastered. A unique measurement support system is formed. The measurement support covers the radioactive regional investigation, local detailed investigation, drilling, etc. , which is provided not only for national radioactivity survey, but also for airborne monitoring of gamma radiation environment, such as nuclear emergency, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, etc.