摆锤式冲击试验机能量损失检测方法的比较与分析

Compare and Analysis of Measuring Methods of Energy Losses for Pendulum-Type Impact Testing Machines

摆锤式冲击试验机的能量损失包括:指针的摩擦(或接触式电子角位移传感器的摩擦)、空气阻力和摆轴轴承的摩擦所引起的能量损失;基础的冲击、机架和摆锤的振动所引起的能量损失。国内外还没有成熟的测量方法和测量仪器测定基础的冲击、机架和摆锤的振动所引起的能量损失,没有形成技术文件,目前摆锤式冲击试验机能量损失的检测主要针对前者。本文针对国内计量部门计量摆锤式冲击试验机所依据的常用标准和规程,比较能量损失的检测方法和计算公式,做出简要分析,指出某些计算公式值得商榷之处。

The energy losses of pendulum-type impact testing machines contain： the energy loss caused by the friction of indicating pointer of the pendulum （ or friction of the contact electronic angle sensor） , air resistance, the friction of the bearings of the rotation axis, and the energy loss caused by the shock of the foundation, the vibration of the frame and pendulum. Because of no suitable measuring methods , apparatus and standard practices bave been developed for the energy loss caused by the shock of foundation, the vibration of frame and pendulum, what have been measured at present time as the energy losses of the pendulum impact testing machines are the friction of indicating pointer of the pendulum （ or friction of the contact electronic angle sensor）, the air resistance and the friction of bearings of the rotation axis. According to the standard for verification of pendulum impact testing machines widely used in China, the measuring methods and formulas are compared and analyzed, and expressions corrected for some formulas are presented.