中国缓刑的法律属性定位与适用取向

Legal attribute positioning and orientation of probation in Chinese criminal law

目前中国刑法对缓刑的定位并未充分反映其法律属性,从应然的角度出发,确有必要将缓刑设立为刑种。无论是否将缓刑设立为刑种,都不会对累犯的成立与否产生影响。中国的定罪模式与国情不同于国外,国外对轻罪广泛适用缓刑的做法对中国的借鉴意义在于中国需要改变以往对违反治安管理等一般违法行为的反应方式,主要应当考虑对一般违法行为处罚的轻缓化、非监禁化,而不是一味强调对轻罪处罚的轻缓化、非监禁化、大幅度提高缓刑适用率。不过,中国可以借鉴国外经验,考虑在刑事诉讼法中增设缓予起诉制度,在非刑罚处理方法中增设刑罚的暂缓宣告制度,以充分发挥刑法的威慑力。

At present,the positioning of probation in Chinese criminal law does not sufficiently reflect its legal attributes,but it is necessary to establish probation as a type of sentence.No matter whether the probation is established as a type of sentence,it will not affect the establishment of recidivism or not.Chinese conviction mode and national conditions are different from foreign countries,the referential significance of probation applied to misdemeanor widely in foreign is that we should change the ways of responding to general violations like the act of violating public order management and etc,and should mainly consider to punish general violations lightly and non-custodial rather than to perpetuate on punishing misdemeanor lightly and non-custodial,also rather than to emulate foreign practices blindly to enhance the rates of probation＇s application.However,we can learn from foreign experience,and consider that add the system of suspension of prosecution in the Code of Criminal Procedure,and add the system of suspension of sentence pronouncement in means other than criminal punishments,so as to exert deterrent forces of criminal law sufficiently.