新中国成立50年黄河泥沙研究的进展

Progress in Study of the Yellow River Sediment During Last 50 Years Since the PRC Established

黄河泥沙问题的复杂性和治理难度为世界之最，泥沙问题是治黄的症结所在。新中国成立后，黄河的治理开发受到空前的重视，黄河泥沙的研究也得到前所未有的发展。从泥沙的来源和特性，三门峡等水库泥沙问题，黄河下游河床演变基本规律，动床河工模型试验和泥沙数学模型计算，以及黄河下游引黄淤背理论和实践技术等几个方面，阐述了半个世纪以来黄河泥沙研究取得的重大进展和突破，指出“拦、排、放、调、挖”作为处理和利用黄河泥沙，解决悬河状态的综合途径，是切合实际。

Sediment issue is the crux for the Yellow River management, and it is the most complex and difficult problem to solve in the world. The Yellow River management and development have been paid unprecedented attention since the People's Republic of China was established, and the research of the Yellow River sediment have achieved unprecedented development. From various aspects such as sediment source and nature, Sanmenxia and other reservoir sediment issues, basic law of the lower Yellow River bed evolution, movable bed model experiment and sediment mathematical model calculation, and the theory and practice techniques of dyke back sedimentation by diversion from the river in the lower reaches and so on, the great development and breakthrough in the Yellow River sediment research in the last 50 years are expounded in the paper. It is pointed out that the methods of “blockade, delivery, diversion, adjustment, and dig out' are practical and reliable as integrated ways to solve the problem of the suspended river and to deal with and make use of the Yellow River sediment.