南京市草坪夏季杂草分布特点及防除措施研究

Occurence of summer weed species in the turf in Nanjing city and their control

用样线法调查了南京市绿色草坪共 2 7个样点的杂草发生及分布情况 ,并用系统聚类法分析比较了各草坪杂草群落的发生及分布特点。调查结果表明 ,南京市草坪杂草的发生和分布与草坪所处地理位置、土壤水分条件及管理水平有密切关系 ;其中 ,地理位置是草坪杂草分布差异的间接原因 ,杂草种类的多少及每种杂草的数量与管理水平有直接的关系。根据聚类分析结果可将全部样点分成 3个聚类群——第一聚类群是以三叶草 (阔叶类 )为优势种的杂草群落 ;第二聚类群是以香附子 (莎草类 )为优势种的杂草群落 ;第三聚类群是以马唐 (禾草类 )为优势种的杂草群落。同时 ,针对南京市主要草坪种类进行了化学除草剂的筛选和复配剂的研制试验。

Twenty seven turf samples in Nanjing city were surveyed with line intercept method for weed species during summer and the data obtained were analyzed with cluster analysis. The results showed that occurrence and distribution of weed species were related closely with the location, soil water contents and management of the turf. The number of weed species occurred and population size of each weed species depended directly on the management of the turf, whereas the turf location played the secondary effects on the weeds. The cluster analysis results indicated that all of turf samples surveyed could be divided into three cluster groups. The first group included the turf under extensive management. The dominant species in the weed community were red clover ( Trifolium pratense) and other broad leaf type species. The second group covered the turf in the campus of universities and the management was also under an extensive level. The dominant species in the weed community were Cyperus rotundus and narrow leaf type species. The remain turf samples belonged to the third group which were located in the public parks and gardens under intensive management. The dominant weed species were Digitaria sanguinalis and other grasses. Herbicides were screened and evaluated for control the major weeds in the turf and an integrated weed control strategy was proposed.