综合性心理干预对学龄前患儿静脉输液合作程度的影响

Influence of comprehensive psychological intervention on cooperation degree with intravenous infusion of preschool children

目的探讨综合性心理干预对学龄前患儿静脉输液合作程度的影响。方法将240例静脉输液的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各120例。观察组与对照组患儿均由2位工作5年以上，静脉穿刺技术熟练，且善于做患儿心理工作的护士进行静脉穿刺。对照组患儿直接进行静脉穿刺后输液，不实施任何心理干预。观察组患儿在静脉穿刺前实施综合性心理干预，并对2组患儿静脉穿刺时的不同心理反应及行为状况进行评估，统计2组患儿的合作程度及静脉穿刺一次成功率。结果综合性心理干预后观察组患儿静脉穿刺时的行为状况为主动型51．67％、紧张型30．83％、畏惧型7．50％、强迫型10．00％，与未接受心理干预的对照组患儿比较差异显著；观察组患儿静脉输液合作率为82．50％，与对照组比较差异显著，观察组输液合作患儿一次穿刺成功率为86．67％，显著高于对照组的75．83％。结论针对学龄前患儿静脉输液时的表现与心理反应，给予相应的心理干预措施，能减轻患儿的不良情绪，提高学龄前儿童静脉输液的合作程度。

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive psychological intervention on cooperation degree with intravenous infusion of preschool children. Methods 240 children patients with intravenous infusion were divided into the observation group and the control group with 120 cases in each group. Children patients in two groups were all given venipuncture by two nurses who had more than 5 years of working experience, skilled venipuncture technique and were good at doing mental work for children. The control group was given intravenous infusion directly after venipuncture without giving any psychological intervention. The observation group was given comprehensive psychological intervention before venipuncture. The different psychological behavioral reactions during the venipuncture were evaluated. The cooperation degree and the first-time success rate of venipuncture for the two groups were taken for statistics. Results The psychological behavioral reactions of the observation group were as followed： the active type was 51.67%, the tension type was 30.83%, and 7.50% for the type of fear, the compulsive type was 10.00%. Compared with the control group, the difference was significant. The cooperation degree with intravenous infusion was 82.50%, the difference was significant compared with the control group. The first-time success rate in the observation group was 86.67%, higher than 75.83% in the control group. Conclusions Psychological interventions according to the behavior and psychological reaction of preschool children with intravenous infusion can alleviate the negative emotions and improve the co- operation degree of preschool children.