云南高原4种湿地植物群落对生活污水TP、COD净化效果研究

Study on Purification Effect of Four Yunnan Plateau Aquatic Plant Communities on TP and COD in the Domestic Sewage

在野外调查的基础上,选取小黑三棱+杉叶藻+荇菜、水葱+睡菜+荇菜、菰+荸荠+荇菜和香蒲+睡菜+眼子菜等4种云南高原常见湖滨湿地植物群落作为试验材料在净化槽中进行水质净化模拟研究。结果表明,4种湿地植物群落对生活污水TP(总磷)和COD(化学需氧量)都有较好的净化效果,各植物群落对TP和COD的去除率均显著高于无植物对照组(P<0.05);但不同群落之间净化效果存在较大的差异性,水葱+睡菜+荇菜群落对TP去除效果显著优于其他3种群落(P<0.05),去除率达到94.72%,与该群落挺水植物水葱的生长特性密切相关;植物群落能有效促进湿地对污染物的去除效果,各群落对TP和COD去除的贡献率分别为32.73%～49.63%和14.76%～20.46%;湿地运行过程中,COD的去除效果存在不稳性和波动性。在湖滨带的恢复与重建过程中,适当增加挺水植物的比例,能有效促进湿地对TP和COD的净化效果。

Wetland plants have the special function for purifying water quality.To study the efficiency of different communities can play a great role in recovery and reconstruction for degradation wetlands.Four typical plant communities（Sparganium simplex＋Hippuris vulgaris＋Nymphoides peltatum,Scirpus validus＋ Menyanthes trifoliate＋ Nymphoides peltatum,Zizania caduciflora＋ Heleocharis yunnanensis＋ Nymphoides peltatum and Typha przewalskii＋Menyanthes trifoliate＋ Potamogeton distinctus）in Yunnan Plateau were chosen for test materials.The study compared the efficiency of different plant communities on the treatment of domestic sewage.The results were as follows： all of the plant communities had a good efficiency on TP and COD removal,which were Significantly higher than no plants groups（P0.05）;The reduction rates of TP in Scirpus validus＋ Menyanthes trifoliate＋ Nymphoides peltatum community reached 94.72%,which was significantly higher than that in other communities（P0.05）;The contribution on TP and COD removal rates of the communities were between 32.73%~49.63% and 14.76%~20.46%,repectively;the COD removal effect was instable and fluctuant;increasing the proportion of macrophytes could effectively promote the TP and COD Purification ability.