马钢公司1958～2010年尘肺发病特征分析

Characteristic Analysis Of Pneumoconiosis In Ma An'shan Steel & Iron Corporation From 1958 To 2010

目的了解马钢公司建厂以来尘肺发病情况,分析其发生发展规律,为指导今后尘肺病防治提供依据。方法回顾马钢公司52年(1958～2010年)来确诊的尘肺病患者的发病情况,将诊断时间、接尘工龄、病程、死亡时间等建立数据库并进行统计分析。结果马钢尘肺病年均检出率为0.70%,井下各工种占76.54%,平均接尘工龄16.95年,矿山凿岩工接尘工龄最短为13.59年,平均发病年龄为49.97岁,平均发病年龄随诊断年份的推移逐渐增大的趋势;合并结核发生率为27.30%。结论贯彻防尘"八字"方针,降低作业场所粉尘浓度,加强作业环境监测和接尘人员的健康监护,是减少尘肺病发病的关键。

Objective To learn the incidence of pneumoconiosis since the establishment of Ma an＇shan steel iron corporation,and provide evidence for the guidance of pneumoconiosis control.Methods The incidence of cases diagnosed as pneumoconiosis during 52 years from 1958 to 2010 in Ma an＇shan steel iron corporation were recalled,and diagnosis time,dust-exposed time,the course,death time of the cases were used to set up the database and analyzed statistically.Results The annual average detection rate of pneumoconiosis in Ma an＇shan steel iron corporation was 0.70%,and 76.54% of them were engaged in underground work,their average dust-exposed time was 16.95 years.The dust-exposed time of drilling rock workers was 13.59 years which was the shortest.The average age of onset was 49.97 years,and it had an upward tendency with the increasing of the diagnosis year.The incidence of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis was 27.30%.Conclusion Carrying out thoroughly the policy of dust proof,decreasing the dust concentration in workplace,enhancing the environmental monitoring in workplace and health surveillance of dust-exposed workers,were the key to decrease the incidence of pneumoconiosis.