农村居民健康影响因素研究

Study on influencing factors of rural residents health

目的了解调查地区农民健康及卫生资源的利用状况,为农民健康的社会决定因素研究提供基础数据。方法采用典型调查整群抽样的方法,在山西、青海分别选取经济中等的2个村庄,对18岁以上居民进行问卷调查。结果共调查1409人,被调查人群两周患病率为19.8%,认为自己健康状况好及以上的为60.1%。16.6%的调查对象能够全部正确回答关于高血压、糖尿病、肺结核、心脏病、痢疾、流感6种疾病是否能够传染的问题,只有21.9%的调查对象认为痢疾能够传染。95.5%的调查对象知道新型农村合作医疗(新农合),96.6%参加了新农合,仅27.6%知道新农合的报销比例;95.2%的调查对象不知道公共卫生服务均等化的概念。Logistic回归结果显示,男女患病的影响因素不同,健康知识知晓是男性不患病的保护因素,饮酒是男性患病的危险因素,在家做家庭主妇是女性不患病的保护因素。结论农村居民自评健康状况良好,影响农民健康的主要因素是有年龄、文化程度、职业、健康行为和对卫生服务的利用情况。

Objective To understand the farmers health and health resources utilization and to provide basic data for social determinants of farmer health. Methods A typical questionnaire survey was conducted on farmers those over 18 in two economic medium level villages in Shanxi and Qinghai. Results 1409 subjects participated in this survey. The two week prevalence was 19. 8%, and 60. 1% of subjects thought they had good health status. 16.6% of subjects correctly an- swer whether the hypertension, diabetes, tuberculosis, heart disease, dysentery, influenza can be transmitted or not, only 21.9% of subjects thought dysentery can be transmitted; 95.5% of subjects knew and 96. 6% of subjects took part in the new rural cooperative medical care （NRCMC）, but only 27.6% new the NRCMC reimbursement; 95.2% of subjects didn＇ t know the equalization of public health services. Logistic multifactor analysis shows that the influencing factors of on male and female are different. The awareness of health knowledge is the protective factor and alcohol consumption is the risk factor for male＇ s health. For female, to stay at home for housework is the protective factor. Conclusion Rural resi- dents self-rated health in good condition. The main factors affecting farmers health are age, education, occupation, health related behaviours and use of health services.