危险废物综合处理行业职业病危害防护效果的调查

Investigation of occupational hazards protection in hazardous waste comprehensive treatment industry

目的对危险废物综合处理行业职业病危害特征和卫生防护效果进行调查,为预防控制职业病危害提供依据。方法采用现场职业卫生学调查、工作场所职业病危害因素检测和职业健康检查等方法对3家危险废物综合处理中心进行调查,确定其危害,并评价其防护效果。结果该行业存在的职业病危害因素种类繁多,其中苯、氰化物、甲醛、CO、镉、铅烟、铅尘、硫化氢、金属汞和锰等属于高度危害的化学毒物,工作场所各类职业病危害因素浓度(强度)基本符合国家职业卫生标准,接触人员职业健康检查未发现职业病或疑似职业病。结论该行业属于职业病危害严重的企业,现行的职业病防护设施基本达到防护效果,对其进行建设项目职业病危害评价的关键在于职业病危害因素识别时对处理废物的准确分析,同时需定期进行风险评价和实施危险度管理。

[Objective]To investigate the features and control effect of occupational hazards in hazardous waste comprehensive treatment industry,and provide evidence for prevention and control of occupational hazards.[Methods] The combination methods of occupational health field investigation,detection of occupational hazard factors in workplaces,classification of working condition and occupational physical examination were applied on 3 hazardous waste comprehensive treatment centers.The harmful levels were identified and the protective effect was evaluated.[Results]]Various types of occupational hazards existed in this industry.The existed benzene,cyanide,formaldehyde,CO,cadmium,lead fume,lead dust,hydrogen sulfide,metallic mercury and manganese were highly hazardous chemical toxicants.The concentrations（intensity） of various toxicants in workplaces were basically in line with the national health standard.No occupational case or suspected case was found among workers with exposure.[Conclusion]The occupational hazards were serious in this industry.While the protection facilities are in accordance with the requirements.The evaluation key is to accurately analyze the hazardous waste disposal while identifing the occupational hazards.Regular risk assessment and management should be carried out.