低浓度锰接触对504名电焊作业工人健康的影响

Effect of low concentrations of manganese exposure on health of 504 welding workers

目的了解接触锰对电焊作业工人健康的影响。方法北京市某区对18家企业的电焊作业进行现场调查并对34个作业点空气中锰浓度进行检测,对504名电焊工(接触组)和510名不接触锰的工人(对照组)进行职业健康检查。结果检查阳性结果主要包括神经衰弱综合征、跟腱反射减弱、高血压、血常规异常、尿常规异常、ALT活力增高、心电图异常,接触组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。作业工龄<5a和≥5a的电焊作业工人,高血压、ALT活力增高的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他各项指标的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论接触低浓度锰对电焊工的职业健康危害是轻微的,但仍应加强防护措施,尤其是要控制作业场所空气中锰浓度的短时间波动。

[Objective]To understand the effect of manganese exposure on the health of welding workers.[Methods]The electric welding operation was investigated in 18 enterprise of a district in Beijing City.And the air manganese concentration was determined in 34 electric welding operation points.Occupational health examination was performed on 504 welders（exposed group） and 510 workers exposed to manganese（control group）.[Results]Physical examination positive results mainly included neurasthenia syndrome,Achilles tendon reflex abate,hypertension,abnormal blood tests,abnormal urine tests,ALT activity increased,abnormal ECG.Compared between exposure group and control group,the difference were not significant（P0.05）.The positive detection rates of hypertension and ALT activity increased between welding workers with operation length5 a and≥5 a were significantly different（P0.05）,while the other indicators were not significant（P0.05）.[Conclusion]]Exposure to low concentration of manganese the occupational hazard for welding workers is slight,but it still need protection measures strengthening,especially for the control of short fluctuations of manganese concentration in work place air.