北海市海产品微生物污染及其影响因素调查

Investigation on microbial contamination of seafood and its influencing factors in Beihai City

目的了解北海市海产品微生物污染状况,探讨影响不同类型海产品、不同食用人群的环节和主要影响因素。方法对该市销售量较大的海产鱼类、软体类和甲壳类共3类18种海产品,计120份样品进行采样和微生物检测;收集、核实近5年以来本市辖区内食源性疾病次数进行比对分析。结果调查120份海产品,在检测6种相关微生物中仅检出副溶血性弧菌19份,检出率为15.8%。其中软体类、甲壳类和海水鱼类中的检出率分别为16.7%、16.2%和14.6%。不同处理方式的海产品中新鲜的检出率最高(21.5%),其次为冰冻的(18.5%),干货则未检出,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.99,P<0.05)。该市近5年食物中毒69起,以细菌性为主(43起),而其中因副溶血性弧菌引起的有26起(60.5%)。结论该市的海产品一定程度上受到副溶血性弧菌污染,新鲜的软体类海产品属于微生物污染高危海产品种类,应开展深入的污染控制研究和加强必要的监管。

[Objective]To understand the status of microbial contamination in seafood in Beihai City,explore the main influencing factors of different types of seafood and populations.[Methods]120 samples were collected from 3 types of 18 kinds of seafood which included marine fishes,mollusks and crustaceans,and were detected for microbial contamination.The data of food-borne diseases in Beihai city in the last 5 years were collected and verified,and a comparative analysis were conducted.[Results]120 seafood samples were detected for 6 kinds of related microorganisms,and vibrio parahaemolyticus was found in 19 samples with the detection rate of 15.8%.The detection rate of mollusks,crustaceans and marine fishes was respectively 16.7%,16.2% and 14.6%.Among different treatment methods,the detection rate of fresh samples was the highest（21.5%）,followed by the frozen samples（18.5%）,vibrio parahaemolyticus was not detected in dry samples,and the difference was significant（χ2=6.99,P0.05）.There were 69 events of food poisoning in Beihai City in the last 5 years,43 were bacterial food poisoning,and 26（60.5%）were caused by vibrio parahaemolyticus.[Conclusion]The seafood is polluted by vibrio parahaemolyticus to a certain extent in Beihai City.The fresh mollusks are the high risk seafood of microbial contamination.It is important to carry out in-depth research on the contamination control and strengthen the necessary supervision.