心脏移植术的历史回顾

Historical review of heart transplantation

1905年，Carrel和Guthfie首次报道了狗的异位心脏移植术。同年，Shone建立了移植免疫的观点，为器官移植奠定了科学基础。1964年，Hardy和同事进行了世界上首例人类异种（狒狒）心脏移植术。1967年，Barnard成功施行了世界上首例人类同种异体原位心脏移植术。1968—1971年，全世界先后有56家医院共实施了180例心脏移植术，但患者在术后很少能够长期存活，心脏移植术进入低潮。1972年，Castaneda和Reitz通过实验研究总结了心肺联合移植的经验，为成功实施人类心肺联合移植奠定了基础。1973年，Caves发明了心肌活检技术监测心脏移植术后排斥反应，解决了早期排异的诊断问题。1981年，Stanford大学率先将环孢素A应用于临床心脏移植，有效控制了移植后急性排斥反应，明显提高了患者的远期存活率，心脏移植术进入了第2次高潮。亚洲心脏移植术的开展始于1968年，日本和田寿郎和其医疗小组完成了亚洲首例心脏移植术。1978年，上海张世泽医生实施了我国第1例同种异体心脏移植术。

In 1905, Carrel and Guthrie reported the heterotopic heart transplantation on dogs for the first time. In the same year, Shone advanced the transplantation immunity theory which provided a basis for organ transplantation. In 1964, Hardy and his colleagues performed the first human chimpanzee heart transplantation. In 1967, Barnard performed the first human -to -human orthotopic heart transplantation in the world. In 1968 - 1971, 56 hospitals performed 180 heart transplantations world -wide. But because of the poor survival rate after operation, heart transplantations became less frequent. In1972, Castaneda and Reitz summed up the experiences of heart - lung experimental transplantation, which laid a foundation for human heartlung transplantation. In 1973, Caves invented myocardium biopsy for rejection surveillance after heart transplantation, which solved the problem of diagnosis for early rejection. In 1981, Stanford University first took cyclosporin A into clinical practice. The acute rejection after heart transplantation was effectively controlled and the long - term survival rate was significantly increased. Heart transplantation entered the second peak period. The launching of Asian heart transplantation began in 1968. Juro ~ Wada with his medical team performed the first heart transplantation in Japan. In 1978, Zhang Shize in Shanghai performed the first heart transplantation in China.