明代前期海禁政策下的瓷器输出

The Porcelain Export under the Haijin(Sea Ban) Policy in the Early Ming Dynasty

明代前期厉行海禁政策时,中国瓷器的海洋输出主要是在朝贡贸易体系下,以琉球人船只为中介的中国、琉球及东南亚多边贸易关系格局中进行。国外沉船及遗址出土资料显示,瓷器输出品种以龙泉青瓷为主,景德镇、福建及广东等地的民窑产品也通过走私途径参与。但总体来说,中国瓷器在当时的东南亚市场仍然匮乏。

Under the strict haijin （＂sea ban＂, the prohibition of maritime traffic） in the early Ming Dynasty, the maritime export of the Chinese porcelains was operated in the multilateral trade pattern with the people and vessels of Ryukyu Kingdom in the tributary trade system as the medium among China, Ryukyu and Southeast Asia. The artifacts recovered from the sunken vessels and the abroad re- mains showed that the exported categories of the Chinese porcelains were mainly Longquan celadon wares, but the products of the folk kilns in Jingdezhen and other kiln sites in Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces were also exported through various smuggling approaches and in various amounts. However, seen as a whole, the Chinese porcelains in the Southeast Asian markets were far from meeting the demands.