民国时期私立高校经费来源探析

An Analysis on Funds of Private Colleges during the Period of the Republic of China

民国私立高校曾获得快速发展,其经费来源多元化是重要保证。在所有经费来源中,学费收入所占比例虽然不高,却是最稳定的经费来源。社会捐资份额最重,是私立高校成功办学的主要经费来源;政府资助经费所占比例较低,但具有重要意义;其他还包括银行借贷、自营收入、办学者私产等经费来源。私立高校多元化的经费来源在吸收社会资源投入教育事业方面发挥了重要作用,但是,经费来源结构直接决定了私立高校地区分布的不平衡性,而且与公立高校相比,私立高校经费水平还存在较大差距。

The rapid development of private colleges during the period of the Republic of China was mainly assured by the diversification of funding sources.Among all sources of fund,though tuition accounted for a small proportion,it was the stablest source of fund;public donation enjoyed the biggest proportion and become a major source of fund contributing to successful operation of private colleges;government subsidy had a small proportion but important significance;other funding sources included bank loans,self-employment income and private property from education providers.The diversification of funding sources of private colleges played an important role in absorbing social resources to invest in education;however,the structure of sources of fund directly determined the imbalance of geographical distribution of private colleges.In addition,in terms of funding level,private colleges still lagged far behind public counterparts.