无吊顶或镂空吊顶空间排烟设计的优化

Optimization of smoke extraction system for spaces without ceilings or with hollow ceilings

目前建筑防排烟系统的常规设计尚存不足,对于无吊顶或镂空吊顶形式的空间,排烟口的开设方式被忽略。针对该类空间,该文进行了优化设计研究,提出了排烟口的开设不应只拘泥于常规设计中面向地面的向下排烟口,而应该更多考虑采用侧向排烟口和面向顶棚的向上排烟口。数值模拟结果比较表明:侧向排烟口和向上排烟口与常规设计的向下排烟口相比,烟气控制效果显著改善;其中向上排烟口获得的烟气控制效果最好,挡烟垂壁高度得以减小;优化设计方案可行且更加经济合理,提高了消防安全性。

Conventional designs of building smoke extraction systems are usually quite simple due to the complex structures. For spaces without ceilings or with hollow ceilings, most analyses ignore the actual geometry of the exhaust inlets. This study analyzes the effects of exhaust inlet placement to show that side exhaust inlets and upward facing exhaust inlets should be taken into account, instead of only the conventional down facing vents. Simulations show that the smoke control effects of the side exhaust inlets and upward facing exhaust inlets are even more important than the conventional down vents. The smoke control effects of upward facing exhaust inlets are the best so smoke curtains can be shortened with the vent design being more economical.