不同发育障碍儿童家庭动力学研究

Family dynamics in different development disorders

目的探讨不同发育障碍儿童家庭动力学的特点。方法采用横断面调查。用一般情况问卷和系统家庭动力学自评问卷对69例儿童孤独症（AutisticDisorder，AD）、18例Asperger综合征（Aspergersyndrome，AS）、51例精神发育迟滞（MentalRetardation，MR）和69例正常组（NormalGroup，NG）的父母进行调查。采用SPSSl8．0软件比较4组儿童家庭动力学特点。结果协变量方差分析（控制年龄）结果显示：4组父亲、母亲的家庭气氛、系统逻辑、疾病观念维度差异具有统计学意义（F父亲=5．355，3．946，6．961，均P〈0．05；F母亲=4．325，2．977，5．878，均P〈0．05）。两两比较显示，在父亲和母亲的家庭气氛、疾病观念维度上AD[父亲（24．24±5．89）分，（10．60±2．81）分；母亲（24．90±8．18）分，（10．59±3．07）分]、AS[父亲（24．67±7．07）分，（11．394-2．52）分；母亲（26．83±6．24）分，（10．61±2．55）分]和MR[父亲（25．02±7．89）分，（10．94±2．94）分；母亲（24．02±7．59）分，（11．42±3．54）分]3组分值均高于NG组[父亲（20．19±5．75）分，（8．744-2．63）分；母亲（20．87±5．85）分，（8．88±2．64）分]，差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。在父亲和母亲评的系统逻辑维度上，MR组[父亲（24．26±4．36）分，母亲（23．54±4．58）分]分值均高于NG组[父亲（21．61±3．97）分，母亲（21．03±3．66）分]（均P〈0．01）。结论AD、AS和MR组儿童的家庭较NG组儿童的家庭气氛更沉闷；疾病观念上，父母更倾向于认为自己是“完全的受害者”。在系统逻辑维度，MR儿童的父母较NG儿童的父母更容易倾向于以“非此即彼”的方式看待问题。

Objective To explore the characteristics of family dynamics in different developmental disor- ders. Methods In this study cross-sectional survey were used. Parents of 69 Autistic Disorder（AD） children, 18 Asperger Syndrome （AS） children,51 Mental Retardation（MR） children and 69 Normal Group（NG） children were investigated by Self-rating Inventory of Systemic Family Dynamics to assess their family dynamic characteristics. SPSS18.0 package for statistics were used. Results Covariance analysis by controlling children＇s age showed： there were significant differences in both fathers and mothers＇family atmosphere , systemic logic and disease con- cept dimension among the four groups （ Ffather = 5. 355,3. 946,6. 961, P 〈 0.05 ; Fmother = 4. 325,2. 977,5. 878, P 〈 0.05 ）. Pairwise comparison indieated that scores of both fathers＇and mothers＇family atmosphere, disease concept dimension in AD （ father （ 24.24±5.89 ）, （ 10.60 ± 2.81 ） ; mother （ 24.90 ± 8.18 ）, （ 10.59 ± 3.07 ） ）, AS （ fa- ther （24.67±7.07）,（11.39 ±2.52）; mother （26.83±6.24）,（10.61 ±2.55））,MR（father （25.02 ±7.89 ）, （ 10.94 ±2.94 ） ; mother（ 24.02 ± 7.59 ）, （ 11.42 ± 3.54 ） ） groups were significant higher than that of NG （ father （20.19 ± 5.75 ）, （ 8.74 ± 2.63 ） ; mother （ 20.87± 5.85 ）, （ 8.88 ± 2.64 ） ） （P 〈 0.05 ）. Scores of both fathers＂ and mothers＂ systemic logie dimension in MR group （ father （ 24.26 ± 4.36 ）, mother （ 23.54 ± 4.58 ） ） were higher than that of NG（father （21.61 ±3.97） ,mother （21.03±3.66）, P〈0.01）. Conclusion In families of AD, AS and MR ehildren, the family atmosphere is more boring, parents are more likely to consider themselves ＂ full of victims＂. Parents of MR children are more prone to one or the other way of looking at problems.