地下储层构型表征:现状与展望

Subsurface reservoir architecture characterization:Current status and prospects

地下储层构型表征是近十几年发展起来的油气藏开发地质研究方向。与露头构型分析不同的是,地下储层构型表征主要依据地震信息和多井信息,相应地发展了两类方法,其一为地震沉积学(地貌学)方法,即通过三维地震资料地层切片等方式,利用地震成像特征研究沉积单元的分布;其二为多井模式预测方法,即通过将不同级次的定量构型模式与地下井资料(包括动态监测资料)进行拟合,分级约束并预测不同级次的构型单元的井间分布。论述了这两类方法的起源、基本原理、应用范畴及存在问题,并根据油田生产要求与技术发展提出了进一步深入研究的方向,包括三维定量构型模式的深化研究、储层构型地震响应及解释方法研究、多井模拟拟合方法的改进与创新等。

Subsurface reservoir architecture analysis has gradually become the important developing direction of hydrocarbon reservoir geology research in the past 10 years.Compared with outcrop architecture analysis,subsurface reservoir architecture characterization depends primarily on seismic and multi-well information,accordingly two methods are developed：（1） Seismic Sedimentology（or Seismic Geomorphology）,study the distribution of deposit units utilizing seismic imaging feature that was acquired by means of 3D seismic stratal slicing and other ways;（2） Multi-well pattern forecast,match various order quantitative architecture mode with well information（well log,core,test and dynamics） to infer interwell architecture unit distribution that restricted in different architecture order.This paper provides an overview of the origin,basic principle,application and problem of these two methods.According to actual production demand and technological development,further research trends are propounded：（1） in-deep research on 3D quantitative architecture mode;（2） recognition of seismic response of reservoir architecture units and seismic interpretation methods for reservoir architecture characterization;（3） improvement and innovation of multi-well pattern matching method.