麻疹疫苗强化免疫在消除麻疹中的作用

The effect of aggrandizement immunization using attenuated live measles vaccine on measles elimination

目的研究麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫效果,探讨预防控制措施,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法用描述性流行病学方法,分析2009年麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动开展情况,收集2009与2010年麻疹发病资料并对强化免疫接种效果进行分析。结果 2009年麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动适龄儿童接种报告接种率98.66%,调查接种率99.21%,各年龄组儿童接种率均在97%以上;2009年与2010年麻疹报告发病率分别为8.45/10万和0.53/10万,麻疹疫苗强化免疫前后麻疹发病率下降了93.73%;发病人群麻疹IgM抗体阳性率2009年80.00%,2010年28.57%。结论2009年麻疹强化免疫活动效果显著,应进一步研究麻疹免疫策略,以适应消除麻疹的需要。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of measles Supplementary Immunization Activities（SIAs） of measles attenuated live vaccine（MV）,explore the effective measures for controlling measles,and provide a scientific basis for measles elimination.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data from 2009 to 2010 according to the questionnaires for measles cases,measles surveillance system and the national disease surveillance information reporting system,etc.Results The reported coverage rate and sample investigation coverage rate were 98.66% and 99.21% of the target children,respectively.The coverage rate was over 97% in each age group.There were 118 suspected measles cases reported from measles surveillance system,and 110 measles cases reported from the national disease surveillance information reporting system in 2009.Accordingly,the number of cases was 14 and 7 in 2010,respectively.The measles incidence rate decreased by 93.73% in 2010 after SIAs conducted in 2009.The positive rate of measles IgM antibody was 80% in 2009 and 28.57% in 2010.22.22% of the cases aged 8 months or younger and 16.24% aged above 15 years.There were 62.71% of children who had never received any dose of measles vaccination at all and 3.64% had been injected twice or more.Conclusion The measles SIAs of MV carried out in 2009 played an important role in measles elimination.However,measles immunization strategy should be further studied to help eliminate measles.