形意拳三体势站桩肌电变化研究

Electromyography Analysis of Santishi of Ying Yie

目的:为深度探求三体势的运动机理,服务于健身和竞赛需要,为教学训练提供科学依据。方法:采用肌电测试系统对17位形意拳练习者的形意拳三体势单重桩和双重桩站桩过程中sEMG变化情况进行记录。结果:单重桩右腿承担体重的贡献率占72%,双重桩右腿贡献率占60%,三体势桩功均在40 s后就开始出现主要肌群的疲劳,有明显抖颤感。结论:验证了传统意义上的前4后6式肌肉用力分配的三体势,更多的是指双重桩,而前3后7式的肌肉用力分配为单重桩;单重桩和双重桩主要锻炼肌肉无明显差异;单双重桩贡献率最大的两块儿肌肉都是后支撑腿的股外、内侧肌;双重桩前支撑腿的股外侧肌肉负荷稍大于单重桩;单重桩后腿的贡献率占72%,双重桩后腿贡献率占60%;相同条件下单重桩对腿部的刺激深度大于双重桩,有利快速出功;双重桩两腿承重比例有利前后的稳定性。动作姿势正确的条件下,三体势桩功练习时机体产生疲劳的时间阈值为40 s。

Objective： To explore the deep movement mechanism of Santishi, satisfy the needs of fitness and com- petition, provide science basis for training and teaching. Method： 17 Wushu players were called to do single pile and double pile of Santishi, and meanwhile the sEMG of certain muscles were recorded. Result： The fight leg undertake 60% body weight when doing double pile, and 73% when doing single pile. The major muscle began to appear fatigue after 40 seconds when doing both the single and double Santishi, there is obvious tremors sense. Conclusion： The validation of the traditional weight of the 4 ： 6-type distribution of Santishi almost means double pile, and the first 3：7-type means single pile. The single pile and double pile exercise have almost the same ef- fects on the muscles, namely, Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis of the load-beafing leg, while Vastus lateralis of load-bearing foreleg is slightly larger than single pile load when doing double pile. The single pile has bigger incitement to the load-bearing leg than double pile in the same condition. Double pile is advantageous to keep body stability; 40 seconds is the fatigue threshold of Santishi under the fight conditions.