不同类型新车内醛酮类化合物的污染研究

Study on the Carbonyl Compounds Pollution in New Cars of Different Types

随着人们对环境质量要求的提高,轿车逐步普及,车内空气质量正成为人们关注的焦点,特别是车内毒性较大的醛酮类物质更是受到普遍关注。选取了8种类型共93辆新车,在静止并且密闭条件下,对其内部环境的醛酮类物质的浓度水平进行测定分析。结果表明,大部分新车内都存在不同程度的醛酮类物质污染,总醛酮质量浓度为0.09～0.31mg/m3,平均质量浓度0.16mg/m3,其中甲醛为最高组分,其次为丙酮、正丁醛、乙醛,平均质量浓度分别为0.08、0.04、0.02、0.0003mg/m3。8类新车有7类都存在一定程度的甲醛超标,超标率为21%～50%,只有豪华车不超标。还对甲醛进行了癌症风险评价,结果表明风险值超过安全限值,存在癌症风险。

Nowadays people show more attentions to their living environments and more and more families have owned their own private vehicles.So the air quality,especially the toxic carbonyl compounds,in these vehicles is becoming the major concern.The study selected 93 vehicles belonged to 8 types.Under static and airtight conditions,the concentrations of carbonyl compounds in these vehicles were analyzed.The results showed that all the tested vehicles suffered a certain degree of air pollution caused by carbonyl compounds.The total concentration of carbonyl compounds was 0.09~0.31mg/m3 and the average concentration was 0.16mg/m3.And formaldehyde was the main pollutant followed by acetone,n-butanal and acetaldehyde,and their concentrations were 0.08、0.04、0.02、0.0003mg/m3,respectively.Except luxury car all the tested vehicles suffered a certain degree of formaldehyde limit-exceeding,and the exceeded rate was 21%~50%.Furthermore,the study did cancer risk evaluation for formaldehyde,and the result showed that the risk had exceeded the safety limits and it might lead to cancer.