论美国总统与国会外交决策权的消长

President VS Congress: The Competition for Decision\|making Power in America's Foreign Affairs

为了防止集权暴政 ,美国宪法对外交决策权进行了分权与制衡式安排 ,这给总统和国会日后争夺外交主导权提供了动力和目标。 19世纪里 ,秉承宪法有所侧重的授权和美国民主传统 ,国会基本上居于外交决策权的主导地位。进入 2 0世纪之后 ,总统利用自己在处理危机上的优势、外交领域的某些特殊性和世界日趋一体化的趋势 ,夺取了美国外交决策的主导权 ,并将在此后相当长的一段时期内继续保持这一优势地位 ;与此同时 。

In fear of a totaliarian government, American constitution has designed a system of check and balance for the policy\|making in foreign affairs. However, this arrangement has implied goals and dynamics for presidency and congress in their struggle for the power of policy making in foreign affairs. In the 19\+\{th\} century, the congress took the lead. In the 20\+\{th\} century, through using its advantages in dealing crises, the particular feature of foreign affairs and globalzation, the presidency has taken over the power. The weak response from the congress and the support from the legal branch to the presidency also have contributed to this change.