试论公诉案件预审制度在我国刑事诉讼立法中的建构

Construction of the Preliminary Inquiry System for Public Persecutions in China's Criminal Legislation

公诉案件预审制度的合理运行是刑事诉讼运行中程序正义和诉讼效率价值的具体体现。然而,我国现行刑事诉讼法典并未设置专门的公诉案件预审程序与独立于实体审判法官的预审法官,新近出台的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》虽然将非法证据排除等重要事项纳入了审前准备程序,但却依旧存在"预审内容"和"预审法官"的规定空白。我国的香港、澳门、台湾三法域都在刑事诉讼立法中明文规定了公诉案件的预审制度,其中设置独立于庭审法官的预审法官、完善公诉案件庭前审查程序、增设庭前预备会议程序等许多立法制度与司法实践经验都值得我们借鉴与学习。

Justice and efficiency in criminal lawsuit can be realized by reasonable operation of the preliminary inquiry system of public prosecution. However, the current Criminal Procedure Law does not set special preliminary inquiry procedures of public prosecution and independent preliminary inquiry judges. The ＂Criminal Procedure Law of the People＇s Republic of China （Draft）＂（on August 30, 2011） included important issues, such as exclusion of illegal evidence, into the preliminary inquiry preparation procedures; however, there is still blank left, for example, ＂preliminary inquiry content＂ and ＂preliminary inquiry judges.＂ In Hong Kong, Maeau, and Taiwan, the Criminal Procedural Law clearly set up the preliminary inquiry system, including independent preliminary inquiry judges, complete examination procedures, and preparatory meeting procedures. These legislative systems and judicial experiences are worth learning.