英语视点体汉译的正迁移现象与翻译共性——一项基于学生译文“了”、“着”的笔译调查研究

Translation Universal and Positive Transfer of Viewpoint Aspect from English into Chinese—a translation investigation based on students' translation of le and zhe

学生在不借助辞典等工具的情况下做课堂定时翻译,其译文能够真实体现学生瞬间的翻译决定。基于学生课堂定时笔译的调查表明,学生译文中"了"、"着"等英语视点体的翻译反映了学生翻译语言背后的认知机制。具体而言,含有完整体意义的一般过去时在译文"了"的使用中占绝对地位,其次是含有未完整意义的一般现在时的译文"了",而译文中"了1"和"了2"所占比例差异增大,说明学生语法意识的严谨和显化。译文中动词加上"着"的用法也表明学生在翻译中自觉的语法意识。通过分析视点体"了"和"着"汉译过程中的正迁移现象,不仅可以解释翻译语法显化、进一步验证翻译共性理论,而且使师生共同参与翻译认知学习,有利于翻译教学。

The instant translation decisions could be revealed in students translating, accomplished in confined time in the class, not using dictionaries and other tools or resources. The investigation of class - confined - translation indicated that, students＇ Chinese translation of English viewpoint Aspect, for example, le and zhe , revealed the cognitive mechanism of the translators. To be specif- ic, past tense dominated in the translation of le , the present tense came after it, and the difference of le1 and le2 was increased in translation, which reflected the students＇ explicitation of grammar sense. This also hit home in the translation of ＂V ＋ zhe ＂. The analysis about positive transfer of Viewpoint Aspect le and zhe not only testified grammar explicitation and translation universal, but also encouraged the teachers and students to participate translation cognitive learning, which helped translation teaching.