深松覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量和水分利用率的影响

Effects on Winter Wheat Yield and Water Using Efficiency on Dryland under Long-term Subsoiling and Mulch Tillage

1999-2009年在洛阳孟津试验场内,设置深松覆盖、传统耕作(对照)2个处理,利用长期定位试验及气象观测设备,研究深松覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量及水分利用率的影响。结果表明:(1)豫西地区干旱程度正在加剧,年平均降雨量546.7mm,与常年平均相比减少了7.95%。(2)深松覆盖在所有年份均表现增产,10a间平均增产8.67%,增产幅度为4.9%～20.87%,干旱年份增产幅度更大。(3)深松覆盖能显著提高降水贮蓄率,10a间深松覆盖降水贮蓄率在37.5%～75.0%,平均54.9%,传统耕作降水贮藏率在22.9%～64.8%,平均46.2%,深松覆盖较传统耕作平均提高22.13%。(4)深松覆盖可有效提高土壤水分利用效率,干旱年份水分利用效率较高,提高的幅度更大,10a间降水利用效率平均提高4.73%。

Winter wheat yield and water using efficiency under subsoiling and mulch tillage treatment were studied in Mengjin experiment station form 1999 to 2009.The results showed as follows：（1）Drought was increasing,and the average annual rainfall was 546.7mm,decreased by 7.95% compared with the average value in usual years.（2） The winter wheat yield under subsoiling and mulch tillage treatment showed increase in 10 years,increasing by 8.67% averagely,with range of 4.9%-20.87%.It increased more significantly in dry years.（3） The rainfall storage could be significantly improved,from 22.9%-64.8% of traditional farming to 37.5%-75.0% of subsoiling and mulch tillage,with 22.13% increased averagely.（4） Subsoiling and mulch tillage could effectively improve soil water use efficiency,especially in drought years,and the average precipitation use efficiency increased by 4.73% in 10 years.