地黄脱毒种栽无土繁育技术研究初报

Preliminary Research on Breeding Techniques of Soilless Cultivation for Virus-free Seeds of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch

为了降低脱毒地黄种苗的推广成本,在无土栽培条件下,研究了不同基质组合、施肥、种植密度对地黄出苗率、长势和种栽产量的影响,并将收获的地黄种栽进行大田栽培试验。结果表明:春季(4月10日)使用蛭石∶珍珠岩∶草炭=3∶1∶1体积比的基质组合处理的地黄出苗率和成苗率最高,分别为93.33%和89.17%;夏季(7月15日)使用煤渣∶珍珠岩∶菇渣=2∶1∶1体积比处理地黄出苗率和成苗率最高,分别为92.50%和88.89%,且块根褐变率最低。每100m2基质施用复合底肥5kg,并结合1/8MS营养液浇灌,地黄产量可达2.24kg/m2。栽培密度应控制在60～80株/m2。直径不小于1cm的种栽适合大田种植。无土栽培技术可以避免连作障碍,所繁育的脱毒地黄种栽符合大田种植要求。

In order to reduce the promotion cost of virus-free seeding,the technology of soilless cultivation for breeding Rehmannia glutinosa seeds was studied,by comparing the seeding emergences,growths and yields of Rehmannia glutinosa under various soilless mediums and fertilizations,and cultivation of the virus-free seeds in the fields.The results showed that the medium of vermiculite∶perlite∶peat in ratio of 3∶1∶1 was best in spring with seeding emergence rate and sprout rate of 93.33% and 89.17%,respectively,while the medium of coal cinder∶perlite∶mushroom residue in ratio of 2∶1∶1 was best in summer with seeding emergence rate and sprout rate of 92.50% and 88.89%,respectively,and the root brown rate was the lowest.The yield reached 2.24 kg/m2 by using compound base fertilizer（0.05 kg/m2） and 1/8MS nutrient solution with the suitable planting densities of 60 to 80 plant/m2.The diameter of virus-free seeds not less than 1 cm were suitable to plantation in the field.The continuous cropping obstacles could be solved by the technology of soilless cultivation,and the breeding virus-free Rehmannia glutinosa seeds were fit for plantation in the field.