浅析明清时期贵州省级官员的结构特征

Analysis of Structural Characteristics of Guizhou Provincial Officials in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

通过量化比较，我们发现明清时期贵州省级官员结构的一些特点：在籍贯上，明代贵州省级官员多来自与贵州省毗邻接壤省区和江南地区，而清代贵州省级官员则以“旗籍”官员居多，南方籍也以湖南籍为主；从出身结构来看，明清两代贵州省级官员多为进士出身，不过清代贵州官员中异途为官的旗人比例较高，体现了满清政府维护满人的入仕特权；从任期时间的结构来看，明清贵州官员的任期时间一般都比较短，官员调动是比较频繁的，反映人事政策的不稳定性。

By quantitative comparison, we find three structural characteristics of Guizhou provincial officials in the Ming and Qing Dynasties： 1）place of birth：they were mainly from bordering provinces adjacent to Guizhon and areas south to the Changjiang River in the Ming Dynasty, while that of the Qing Dynasty from banner men and Hunan province ; 2） origin ： most of them were scholars, and a relatively higher proportion of banner men-turned- officials in the Qing Dynasty which reflects that the Manchu government protected promotion privileges for Man nationality;3） term of office：it was generally short and there were frequent transfers in both dynasties, which reflects the instability of their personnel polieices.