活性磷酸钙复合明胶海绵的制备及对骨缺损修复的实验研究

Bioactive calcium phosphate mineralized collagen sponge for bone regeneration： preparation and study on the repairing of bone defect

目的 探讨矿化明胶海绵作为支架材料在骨组织工程应用中的可行性.方法 应用醋酸钙和磷酸钠试剂分别对可吸收明胶海绵用沉积（P）和微波炉法进行表面矿化,运用扫描电镜、X线衍射、傅立叶红外衍射对表面改良的明胶海绵进行理化性能检测.动物实验：新西兰兔颅骨缺损动物模型,制备6 mm直径大小的全颅层缺损区,4、8、12周组织形态学观察分析比较矿化和未矿化的明胶海绵及临床上常用骨移植材料Bio-oss的成骨效果.结果 扫描电镜显示表面处理明胶海绵表面均匀被覆粗糙膜状物质,X线衍射、傅立叶红外衍射显示表面处理明胶海绵具有磷酸灰石成分.微波炉法优于沉积法.组织切片显示矿化明胶海绵支架有良好的组织相容性.在材料周围有大量的未矿化的新生骨,同时有很多成骨细胞和破骨细胞存在,能有效修复新西兰兔的颅骨缺损区.结论 微波炉法是一种简单高效的表面涂层技术,表面改良的明胶海绵作为组织工程支架材料具有广阔的发展前景.

Objective To explore the feasibility of the preparation of a new scaffold material by minerali- zing with calcium phosphate. Methods The collagen sponges were mineralized with calcium acetate and sodium phosphate reagents by using precipitation method and microwave method respectively. The surface characteristics of surface-modified collagen sponges were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （ SEM ） , X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and fourier transform infrared spectrometer （Fr-IR）. A pilot was made with cranial defect model. Then 6 mm diameter defects were created. The histomorphometric surface-modified collagen sponges were compared with collagen sponges and Bio-Oss after 4, 8, 12 weeks. Results SEM scanning indicated that collagen sponges were mostly coated with calcium phosphate by the precipitation method and the microwave method. Carbonate apatite exis- ted. Microwave method was better than precipitation method. The histological observations showed calcified newly formed bone surrounding surface-modified collagen sponges. Massive osteoeytes existed. Conclusions The collagen sponges mineralized by calcium phosphate has better properties of bone formation. Surface-modified collagen sponge as a scaffold material is a promising biomaterial.