北京地区应对日本福岛核事故污染的监测技术措施与效果

The monitoring technology measures and its effect of defending radioactive contamination following the Japanese Fukushima nuclear accident in Beijing

目的针对日本福岛核事故采取相应的监测技术措施以掌握北京地区放射性污染水平,为评估事故对该地区居民产生的健康影响提供技术基础。方法确定核污染监测的内容和目的 ,制订核应急监测技术方案,依据核应急监测相关技术规程,结合GB18871-2002、GB/T5750.13-2006和GB14883.9-1994等国家放射卫生防护标准对样品或对象进行监测和评价。结果本底调查与监测结果表明北京地区的大气环境等在事故前不存在明显的人工放射性污染;事故期间的应急监测揭示了本地区空气等的放射性污染水平及其变化趋势;对99名从日本归国人员进行的表面放射性污染检测中未发现污染超标人员。结论北京市疾病预防控制中心(CDC)在应对福岛核事故中采取的监测技术措施达到了预期的效果,但坚持开展事故后期影响的持续观测仍是非常必要的。

Objective To take the relative monitoring technical measures in defending the Japanese Fukushima nuclear accident so as to investigate the radioactive contamination in Beijing, and to provide technique basis in evaluating the health impact on residents in Beijing due to the accident. Methods The contents and objects of nuclear contamination monitoring were determined, and the technology project of nuclear emergency monitoring was drawn. Then, a lot of samples were tested and analyzed in terms of the technology regulations of nuclear emergency monitoring and several radiohygiene protection standards such as GB18871-2002, GB/T5750.13-2006, GB14883.9-1994 and so on. Results It was shown that obvious artificial radioactive contamination was not detected in the atmosphere of Beijing according to the data of background survey. Meanwhile, the radioactive contamination level and its change trend of Beijing local air during the period of accident were discovered by emergency monitoring. Otherwise, there were 99 persons returned from Japan received radioactive contamination testing and no one with exceeding radioactive contamination. Conclusion The monitoring technology measures taken by BJCDC in defending Fukushima nuclear accident received the prospective achievements, but it was necessary to continue observation for the long-term infection from the accident.