摘要
20世纪六、七十年代,生态人类学开始被人们定义为文化人类学的一门分支学科,并日益受到人们的关注。到20世纪80年代,为了研究的方便,有学者将这一学科划分为三个阶段:第一阶段以朱利安?斯图尔特的"文化生态学"和莱斯特·怀特的"文化进化"为代表,都力图探讨文化对所处生态环境的适应;第二阶段以"新进化论"和"新功能主义"为立论,两者都深受系统论的影响,接受了"动态平衡"的新理念,使生态人类学的理论得到了进一点充实;为了回应"新进化论"和"新功能主义"的不足,并完善斯图尔德和怀特的早期研究,有学者提出了"过程主义的生态人类学"这可以视为生态人类学发展的第三个阶段。进入20世纪90代后,人类学家对环境问题的研究比以往更积极主动,生态人类学研究的范围进一步扩大,开始兴起环境人类学。可以说新起的环境人类学是传统生态人类学的展拓和延伸,也是传统生态人类学发展的一种趋势。
Since the 1960s and 1970s, eco-anthropology was defined as a sub-discipline of cultural anthropology, attracting attentions increasingly. In the 1980s, in order to facilitate its research, some scholars divided the discipline into three stages. The first stage were cultural ecology proposed by Julian Stewart and cultural evolution by Lester Wright, who tried to explore the adaptation of culture in concerned ecological environments; the second stage was the forming of the argument of neo-evolutionism and neo-functionalism, which were influenced by systemism and absorbed the new concepts of dynamic equilibrium, enriching the theories of eco-anthropology; in response to the deficiencies of the neo-evolutionism and neo-functionalism, and in order to improve the early studies by Steward and White, some scholars proposed the theory of processual eco-anthropology, which can be regarded as the third stage of the development of eco-anthropology. From the 1990s, anthropologists have been more positive on environmental issues and have been further expanding the research of eco-anthropology, leading to the rise of environmental anthropology. It is concluded that the new-born environmental anthropology is the extension of traditional eco-anthropology as well as a trend of traditional eco-anthropology development.
出处
《原生态民族文化学刊》
2012年第1期2-9,共8页
Journal of Ethnic Culture
关键词
文化生态学
文化进化
过程主义
环境人类学
cultural ecology
cultural evolution
processual
environmental anthropology
