要素生产率和要素配置作用下的中国城乡收入差距

Urban-rural Income Inequality in China Under the Role of Factor Productivity and Factor Distribution

根据城乡生产函数差异的特征事实构建了城乡收入差距模型,利用我国各省1997—2009年数据研究城乡劳动力比、固定资产比、人力资本比、农业中间品投入、工业化和第三产业规模对城乡收入差距的影响。结果显示,我国城乡要素生产率与城乡要素配置的差异对城乡收入差距具有决定性作用;城乡劳动力比的增长明显有助于缩小城乡收入差距,而城乡人力资本比、固定资本投入比、农业成本、以及相邻地区间的相关性都导致了城乡收入差距的扩大。缩小城乡差距的重要途径是加快农村劳动力的城市化、增加农村教育投入、提高农业生产率、增加农村的物质资本投入,各省缩小城乡收入差距的努力对邻近省份也会产生积极影响。

This paper builds urban-rural inequality model according to the characteristic fact of urban-rural production function difference, by using the data from 1997 to 2009 we study the influence of urban-rural ratio of labor, fixed capital, human capital, agricultural intermediate goods, industrialization and scale of tertiary industry on urban-rural income inequality. Econometric results exhibit that differences of factor productivity and distribution play decisive role on urban-rual income inequality; Increase of ratio of labor is apparently helpful for narrowing income gap, insteadly, ratio of human capital, physical capital, agricultural costs and correlation of neighboring regions all broaden this inequality. Methods for narrow urban-rural income inequality lie in that fastening urbanization of rural labors, increasing rurally educational inputs, improving agricultural productivity and increasing rural inputs of physical capitals, in addition, effort of each province to narrow income inequality have positive impacts on neighboring regions also.