基于旅游经济网络视角的长江三角洲都市圈旅游地角色

Analysis on the Roles of Tourism Destinations in the Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Area——Based on the Perspective of Tourism Economy

运用重力模型结合社会网络方法,从旅游经济网络视角对长江三角洲都市圈旅游经济的整体网络、国内游网络、入境游网络进行分析,初步定位了各城市在旅游经济网络中的角色与功能,最后探讨影响因素。结果表明:长三角都市圈旅游经济的整体网络和国内游网络呈现南北较为均衡的空间格局,入境游旅游经济网络呈现北部紧密、南部疏松的格局。综合各城市在整体网络中的中心性得分及结构对等性分析,划分出5种类型的旅游地:上海是核心旅游地,具有旅游中枢、门户旅游地、中间旅游地的综合功能;苏州、杭州、无锡、南京、常州是次核心旅游地,是区域内部重要的集聚和扩散中心;湖州、镇江、扬州和宁波是重要旅游目的地,对低等级与高等级旅游地之间连接起到重要的承转作用;其他城市中心性指标得分较低,主要接收高等级城市旅游经济辐射,相互之间联系强度较低,为一般旅游目的地和边缘旅游目的地。旅游发展能力、经济发展水平、交通条件和城市发展等因子在不同程度上影响各城市在旅游经济网络中的角色与功能。

Combining the gravity model with social network method, it analyzes the whole network, domestic tourism network and inbound tourism network of tourism economy in the Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Area, and locates the role and function of each city in the network. Finally the influence factors are discussed. The results indicate： the whole network and the domestic network present balanced spatial patterns of north and south, while the inbound tourism network shows imbalanced pattern： close in north ,loose in south. Five types of tourism destinations are divided according to the cities＇ centrality in the network. Shanghai is the core trip destination, having the comprehensive functions of touring destination, gateway destination and middle destination. Nan Jing, Hangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou are sub-core tourism destinations, the center of agglomeration and diffusion in the area. Ningbo, Huzhou, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou are important links between low level destinations and high level destinations. The centrality of other cities is lower, mainly accepting the tourism economy exposure of the high level cities; and less connections exist among them ,labeled as common destinations and marginal destinations. Tourism development ability, the level of economy, traffic conditions and urban development are important factors affecting the role and function of cities in the network.