碘代法合成1-甲基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑

Synthesis of 1-Methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazoles by Iodo Method

以咪唑为原料,常温下经I2/KI的碱性溶液碘化、碘甲烷的甲基化、纯硝酸的硝化得到1-甲基-2,4,5-三硝基咪唑(MTNI),用红外光谱、质谱、元素分析对产物结构进行了表征。讨论了反应温度、反应时间等因素对目标产物得率的影响。结果表明,甲基化反应的最佳工艺条件为:反应时间为4h,n(CH3I):n(TII)=1.75∶1。硝解反应的最佳反应时间为2.5h,反应温度为80～83℃。

1-Methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole（MTN1）was synthesized using imidazole as starting material via iodina tion of an alkaline 12/KI aqueous solution at room temperature, methylating of iodomethane and nitration of 100% HNO3. Its structure was characterized by IR,MS and elemental analysis. The effects of reaction temperature and re action time on the yield of the title compound were investigated. The results show that the optimum parameters of methylation reaction are：n（CH3 I） ： n （TII）= 1.75 ： 1 and reaction time 4 h. The optimal reaction time and tempera ture of the nitration reaction are considered to he 2.5 h and 80-83℃ ,respectively.