高寒牧区不同燕麦品种生长特性比较研究

A study on growth characteristics of different cultivars of oat(Avena sativa) in alpine region

在东祁连山高寒牧区,对11种燕麦品种的物候期、株高、分蘖数、产量及茎叶比等进行比较研究。结果表明,在高寒牧区,丹麦444和青永久1号燕麦品种种子能成熟,适于种子和营养体生产;引进燕麦品种株高为130.6～155.7cm,株丛分蘖数为2.77个/株,干草产量为13.32～21.77t/hm2,分别是CK的1.1～1.4倍、1.2倍和1.9～3.2倍;其中,青永久479、青永久52、察北、青永久489和加拿大燕麦具有较高叶片含量,约占总产草量的15%;青永久52、青永久440、察北、青永久479、青永久101、丹麦444和青永久489具较高的产量,约为18.10～21.77t/hm2。燕麦产量可用其与株高间线形模型Y=2849.445+32.523H(R=0.886,P<0.01)估测,式中,Y为干草产量(g/m2),H为植株高度(cm)。综合分析得知,青永久52、察北和青永久479燕麦品种具较高产量和叶片比,适于高寒牧区推广种植。

The phonological phase, plant height, number of plants, yield and ratio of stem and leaf of eleven oat （Avena sativa） varieties in alpine regions of the Eastern Qilian Mountains were studied. The varieties Denmark No. 444 and No. 1 Qing-yongjiu could mature in these regions making them suitable for harvesting seeds and herbages. The plant height, plant tillers and herbage yield of introduced varieties were 130.6-155.7 cm, 2.77 pared with the control. The varieties No. 479 Qing-yongjiu, No. 52 Qing-yongjiu, No. 489 Qing-yongjiu, Cha- bei and Canadian had higher leaf contents （about 15% of total yields）, while No. 52 Qing-yongjiu, No. 440 Qing-yongjiu, No. 47 Qing-yongjiu, No. 101 Qing-yongjiu, No. 489 Qing-yongjiu, Chabei and Denmark No. 444 had higher herbage yields （18. 10 to 21. 77 t/ha）. The yields of oats could be estimated by the model Y= 2 849. 445＋32.523H （R=0.886, P〈0.01）, where Y is the hay yields （g/m2） and H is the plant height （cm）. Thus, the varieties No. 52 Qing-yongjiu, No. 479 Qing-yongjiu and Chabei had higher yields and leaf contents, making them suitable for planting in the alpine region