固体酸催化废旧塑料裂解制燃油的研究

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics into fuel oil over solid acid catalysts

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-SiO2、ZrO2-SiO2复合氧化物,并在其表面以H2SO4或ZnSO4浸渍法制备废旧塑料裂解用固体酸催化剂,并且用TPD技术对其表面酸性进行了表征;重点考察了ZnSO4浸渍量对相应固体酸的催化裂解性能的影响,并与H2SO4法进行比较。结果表明,采用ZnSO4浸渍得到的固体酸表面的酸中心较多、酸性较强,并且其催化裂解性能也优于H2SO4法。由燃油成分分析结果表明,由本文所得固体酸催化废旧塑料裂解所制得的燃油主要以汽油为主,同时含有少量的轻质柴油。

TiO2-SiO2 and ZrO2-SiO2 composite oxides were synthesized by sol-gel method,and the solid acid catalysts for pyrolysis of waste plastics were prepared by impregnating the composite oxides with H2SO4 or ZnSO4.The surface acidity of the catalysts was characterized by TPD.Effects of loading amount of ZnSO4 on the catalytic properties of the ZnSO4/TiO2-SiO2 and ZnSO4/ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts were investigated especially,which was compared with that of the H2SO4/TiO2-SiO2 and H2SO4/ZrO2-SiO2 catalysts.The results showed that the solid acids modified by ZnSO4 had more acid sites,stronger acidity and better catalytic performances than those modified by H2SO4.The oil product from pyrolysis of waste plastics catalyzed by the solid acids consisted of mainly gasoline distillate and a small part of light diesel distillate.