国外生计渔业概念辨析

Analysis on Definition of Subsistence Fishery

生计渔业是国外渔业分类的一种基本类型,近些年我国渔业管理研究领域也在探讨生计渔业管理问题。为厘清生计渔业的概念,本文对美国等国家以及FAO等国际组织有关生计渔业的概念界定进行了辨析,得到以下基本结论:(1)生计渔业在不同国家的界定不同,但传统作业习惯是各国界定生计渔业的共同基础;(2)渔获物主要用于个人或家庭消费是将生计渔业区别于商业渔业的主要内涵依据,但如何确定个人或家庭消费的范围存在差异性,且在管理上需要复杂、缜密和庞大的监测系统;(3)有诸多内涵性指标和外部表征可以用来界定生计渔业。但考虑到管理上的适用性,没有哪一种依据可以唯一性地明确、严格地将生计渔业区别于商业渔业,要界定生计渔业需要将多种依据综合起来考虑。

Subsistence fishery is a basic type of fisheries in foreign fisheries management. In recent years, subsistence fisheries management issues have also been discussed in China. To better understand the concept, this paper analyzed the definition of subsistence fisheries in some countries and organizations, such as US, FAO and OECD. Followings are conclusions： （1） Subsistence fishery is defined differently in different countries or international organizations, but long-standing cultural practices or traditions are the most important basis for the definition of subsistence fishery; （2） In subsistence fishery of many countries, catch are mainly geared towards primarily personal or household consumption, which significantly distinguish subsistence fishery from commercial fishery. But the definitions of the personal or household consumption are different. And a complex, sophisticated and comprehensive monitor system for the disposal of catch is in need; （3） Subsistence fishery can be described by several different dimensions. Considering the applicability of management, it is very difficult to rigidly distinct subsistence fishery from commercial fishery only by one of them. So the subsistence fishery should be defined by consideration of a combination of many factors.