自由主义视野中的理想宪法模式一一解读哈耶克的宪法构建

The Ideal Constitution Model of the Liberalism——Interpretation for Hayek's Constitution Structure

解读哈耶克的理想宪法模式,重点是解读其自由主义法哲学观。哈耶克认为自由是构建理想宪法模式的首要原则与逻辑起点;没有对正当行为规则和组织规则作出准确的界分,在理解和认识上步入了歧途,才导致立法机构的权力膨胀、扩大,使"有限政府"演变成了"无限政府"。为此,应构建立法议会和政府治理议会两个不同且具有独立职能的代议机构。同时,应重视宪法法院、紧急状态权力与财政权力的分立问题,才能实现对权力的遏制。

If we try to make interpretation for Hayek＇ s ideal Constitution model, we need focus on the in- terpretation liberalism＇s philosophy. Hayek thinks that freedom is the first principle and logical starting point for the ideal constitutional model construction; due to the lack of accurately distinguishing of the proper rules of actions and organization, it is very likely to cause the misleading for understanding and awareness, which leads to expansion of the power of the legislature, so that the ＂limited government＂ e- volved into ＂unlimited government. ＂ Therefore, we should build the Legislative Assembly and parliament with governance functions as two different and independent representative bodies. Meanwhile, the consti- tutional court, the power for emergency and financial power should be paid attention to, so that the legis- lature power can be limited correctly.