中国混凝土的过去、现在和将来

CONCRETE IN CHINA——PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

水泥与混凝土是中国使用最多的建筑材料。1988年中国的水泥年产量超过200Mt,到2000年预计将超过3000Mt。中国混凝土的年产量目前尚无确切的统计,仅政府所兴建的各种工程,如工业建筑、交通运输建筑、能源工程、城市住宅和公共工程、水利工程等,其每年的混疑土工程量就达200Mm^3,需用水泥约60Mt,约占水泥年产量的1/3;其余的2/3(大部分由立窑水泥厂生产)主要用于郊区和农村的村镇住宅及公共建筑、小型农田水利设施、道路、桥梁等;近年来每年新建的农民住宅面积就达1Gm^2。无数混凝土构件工场和水泥制品工厂遍布广大村镇,生产各种混凝土上下水管、水泥船、电杆、多孔板、桥梁和农房构件。不少农民在自家庭院浇制各种混凝土砌块、梁、柱、楼板、楼梯等供自家和邻里建房之用。自古以来,中国人民就熟悉混凝土砂浆的制作,混凝土在中国有着悠久的历史。

Cement and concrete are the most staple building materials in China. Besides, cement and concrete products have long been the most important substitutes of timber and steel. The history of different binders and cement-based materials from as early as 4000 BC is described. The present status of concrete science and technology is diacussed. The future development of cement and concrete is optimistically prospected.As the challenge and opportunity are common to the most of concrete specialists in the world, colaboration and cooperation among them are strongly proposed.