电话随访对初产妇产褥期母乳喂养意向的影响

Effect of telephone follow-up on breastfeeding intention of unipara during the puerperium

目的探讨电话随访对初产妇产褥期母乳喂养意向的影响。方法采用类实验性研究方法，便利选取分娩单胎足月儿的初产妇120例，分为对照组（n=60）和干预组（n=60）。对干预组分别在产后7，14，28d进行电话随访，对产妇在母乳喂养过程中遇到的困难提供解决办法并为产妇提供心理支持；对照组只给予常规护理。比较产褥期结束时两组初产妇母乳喂养意向及其相关的态度、感知行为控制及主观规范情况。结果100例初产妇在住院期间意向平均（4．58±0．46）分、感知行为控制平均（3．31±0．46）分、主观规范平均（3．84±0．42）分、态度平均（4．29±0．43）分。在住院期间，两组初产妇在母乳喂养意向以及其相关方面的平均得分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。至产后6周，母乳喂养意向平均（4．45±0．51）分、感知行为控制平均（3．24±0．59）分、主观规范平均（3．91±0．46）分、态度平均（4．18±0．54）分。干预组初产妇母乳喂养意向及其相关方面得分与对照组初产妇相比，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在产后6周时，干预组喂养意向仍保持较高状态，与住院期间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），对照组态度得分由（4．32±0．46）分下降到（4．13±0．59）分，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论电话随访可以维持初产妇在产褥期母乳喂养积极的态度，使其保持较强的母乳喂养意向。

Objective To explore the effect of telephone follow-up on breasffeeding intention of unipara during the postpartum period. Methods The quasi-experimental method was used and 100 recruited unipara were divided into the control group （ n = 50 ） and the experimental group （ n = 50 ）. A continuing telephone follow-up was provided by community nurses to the experimental group 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after delivery, and provided psychological nursing and solution to the difficult of breastfeeding. Unipara breastfeeding intentions were collected when their discharge and 6 weeks after delivery when they received postpartum check up in clinics. Then, unipara breastfeeding intentions, attitude, perception behaviour control, and subjective standard were observed. Results During hospital, the average score of breasffeeding intention among 100 unipara was （4.58 ± 0.46 ）, the average score of perception behaviour control was （ 3.31 ± 0.46 ）, the average score of attitude was （4.29 ±0.43） ,the average score of subjective standard was （3.84 ±0.42）, and there was no significantly difference in breastfeeding intention and others between two groups （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Six weeks after delivery, the average score of breastfeeding intention, perception behaviour control, subjective standard, attitude in turn was （4.45 ± 0.51 ）, （ 3.24 ± 0.59 ）, （ 3.91 ± 0.46 ）, （4.18 ± 0.54 ） ; breastfeeding intention and others between two groups, there was no significantly differences （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The breasffeeding intention in intervention group was maintain higher after six weeks, and no difference was detected when compared with that during hospital （P〉0.05）, while the average score of attitude in control group was decreased from （4.32 ± 0.46 ） to （ 4.13 ± 0.59 ） , and the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The telephone follow up provided by community nurses can increase the intention of new mothers＇ breasffeeding intention by continuing consulting, encouragement and supports.