西方马克思主义的批判路径及其启示

Critical Approaches of Western Marxism and Their Implications

对资本主义的批判反思构成20世纪西方马克思主义的主体内容。在对资本主义作出横断面剖析和纵向面解构的过程中,西方马克思主义把批判的视角从经济层面转向上层建筑、从历史转向现实,提出一些独到的看法,并依据时代处境的变化转换批判的坐标,试图彰显马克思主义的超越意义。但是,从总体上看,西方马克思主义对于资本主义的批判反思存在着没有科学揭示资本主义发展的新规律、不能寻求与革命主体的实践结合以及无法展陈超越资本主义的价值图景这三大缺憾。西方马克思主义的宏篇叙事,严格说来只是一种对资本主义的现象学"诊断",而不是对资本主义的根本性的"治疗",因而无法产生实际的现实效应,他们对马克思主义的学术发展和对资本主义的理论解构是十分有限的。反思西方马克思主义的理论路径,对于推进马克思主义中国化、时代化、大众化,具有启示意义。

The critical reflection of capitalism constitutes a central part of Western Marxism in the 20th century.While conducting cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of capitalism,Western Marxism offers unique views by shifting its critical perspective from economics to superstructure,and from history to reality.Western Marxism is also able to adjust its critical coordinates in accordance with the changing times.These notwithstanding,the Western Marxist criticism of capitalism is defective in three aspects:failing to reveal the new laws of capitalist development, failing to be integrated with the practice of revolutionary subjects,and failing to present a new vision of values that transcends capitalism.Strictly speaking,the macro-narrative of Western Marxism is a phenomenological'diagnosis'of capitalism,rather than a fundamental'treatment.'A reflection on the theoretical approaches of Western Marxism is of great significance for us to promote the localization,modernization and popularization of Marxism in China.