辛亥革命后基层审判的转型与承续——以民国元年上海地区为例

Transformation and Inheritance of China's Grassroots Court Trials since the 1911 Revolution:With the Example of Shanghai in 1912

民国元年上海的审判模式,随着法庭及诉讼参与者权责的重新配置,逐步从传统的超能动主义向中立主义转型,其主要动力是清末以来的法政知识、人才和舆论的准备。但这一新体系尚未获得系统性制度和资源的支撑,尤其是民事审判中的权责配置,仍部分保留了旧有模式。因此,民事案件中沿袭了帝制时代注重情理和当事人合意等特色。上海的变化是大都市的代表性例证,超前于其他地区,但体现了此后民国时期司法变革的基本大势。

With the reallocation of duties and responsibilities on the parts of the court and litigation participants,the court trial mode of Shanghai in 1912also witnessed a shift from a traditional supra-activist one to a neutralist one,largely motivated by the wealth of legal-political knowledge,talents and opinion amassed since the fall of the Qing dynasty.However,this new system did not win any systemic support either from the institution or from resources.In particular,the allocation of duties and responsibilities in civil trials partially inherited the old model.As a result,some features that used to appeal to reason and the will of litigation participants of the imperial times were retained in civil trials.These changes reflect the main trends of judicial reforms during the period of Republic of China.