现代犯罪观:自然权利背后的优势补偿

A Modern View of Crime

社会化和犯罪化是抑制乃至剥夺个人自然权利的过程,要使惩罚犯罪具有合理性,必须使个人的自然权利兑换成社会权利;只有社会权利能够给个人带来较自然权利更多的利益,改变个人的生存结构,令其从自然状态过渡到社会框架下才具有合理性。在惩罚犯罪时,必须考虑犯罪乃个人自然权利体现的基本事实;而量定责任时,也需考虑自然权利兑换社会权利不能的情形,适度对自然权利所代表的竞争优势给予补偿。

Both socialization and criminalization are processes of suppressing or depriving an individual of his natural rights. To make the punishment of a crime i＇ational, an individual＇ s natural rights should be changed into social rights. Only when social rights bring more benefits to an individual than natural rights and change his structure of existence can it be rationalized. Punishment should be given based on the consideration that a crime is the manifestation of an individual＇ s natural rights. Sentence should be given based on the consideration that sometimes natural rights can not be changed into social rights. Thus the competitive advantage represented by natural right should be compensated.