结直肠癌骨转移研究进展

Research advances of the bone metastasis of the colorectal cancer

结直肠癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一。流行病学资料显示，2000年全世界有70万人患结直肠癌，占全部癌症新发病例数的9．4％；50万人死于结直肠癌，占癌症死亡数的7．9％[1-2]。在过去的20多年中，结直肠癌的发病数和死亡数在世界大多数国家和地区都呈上升趋势。

As one of the most common malignant tumors, the colorectal cancer showed an increasing morbidity and mortality in recent years. Bone metastasis was the terminal manifestation of the colorectal cancer with low metastasis rate. It commonly occurred in multiple bones, leading severe pain, hypercalcemia, pathologic fracture and so on. Appropriate imaging examinations such as X-ray, CT, MRI and ECT and laboratory parameters such as CEA could provide help in the diagnose of the bone metastasis of the colorectal cancer. The mechanism of the bone metastasis of the colorectal cancer was still not clear now, however studies showed that metastasis promoting genes and metastasis suppressing genes might play important roles. The treatment of the bone metastasis included 2 aspects： the systemic treatment including radionuclide therapy, chemotherapy and bone resorption inhibitor therapy and the local treatment including operation and radiotherapy. The bone metastasis of the colorectal cancer was usually ignored in clinic and there were still a lot of problems remaining to be studied in the future.