物权行为无因性与交易安全之保障

On the Abstract Contact of Real Rights and the Protection of Transaction Safety

德国法学家萨维尼认为 ,物权行为无因性理论是对“无边无际之不安定与恣意的交易行为的唯一保护”。但是 ,在以债权关系为原因行为的物权流转过程中 ,无因性原则往往过分强化了物权移转的确定效力。在注重维护买受人及第三人利益的同时 ,淡化了法律对于原权利人应有的关注 ,致使交易双方利益严重失衡 ,不仅有悖于经济生活中的公正原则 ,也不符合现代物权变动制度的价值取向。相比之下 ,公示公信原则通过赋予公示以公信力 ,在肯定善意第三人的信赖利益优先于原权利人归属利益的同时 ,对原权利人相对于受让人和恶意第三人的优先权地位给予了充分的保护 ,有效地兼顾了对交易双方以及交易的动态安全与静态安全的均衡保护。

contract of real rights is “the only protection to the boundlessly and wantonly unstable transaction behavior.” However, in the exchange process of real rights caused by the relations of creditor's rights, the principle of abstract action often over-intensifies the assured effects of the exchanges of real rights. This practice, while providing special guarantee to the interest of the cessionary and of the third prerson, has lessened the concerns that the law should pay to the original proprietor of a right, so as to cause the serious loss of balance of the interest between the two parties of transaction. It not only fights against the justice principle of economic life., but also fails to match the value tendency of the alteration system of modern real rights. Compared to this, the principle of publicity and confidence, through endowing publicity with the force of confidence and confirming the priority of the reliance interest of the good-intentioned third person over the interest of the original proprietor in contrast to that of the cessionary's and the ill-intentioned third person's, has effectively guaranteed the balanced dynamic and static security of both the transaction and the two parties concerned.