The Reform and Development of the Decision-making System in Contemporary China

当代中国决策体制的形成与变革(英文)

The decision-making system is the backbone of China＇s political system and a crucial factor determining its development. The decision-making system with the CPC lying at the core results from the CPC＇s long history of leading China＇s revolution and establishing the People＇s Republic of China; therefore it has historical rationality. Decision-making was centralized over the period from the foundation of the PRC to reform and opening up. This centralized decision-making system had faults such as a low level of specialized division oflabor, low institutionalization, an undue emphasis on experience, a closed decision-making process and the absence of any self-correcting and adjustment mechanisms. The reform of China＇s decision-making system in the post-reform period has attached much importance to promoting democratic, scientific and law-based decision-making with regard to decision~ making structures, modes and mechanisms. Practice proves that this reform has successfully met the challenges arising from rapid social and economic transition. Viewed from the perspective of political development, it involves an evolution from personal to democratic, from experience-based to scientific, from centralized to decentralized, from closed to open, from passive to active participation and from non-institutionalized to institutionalized decision-making. A decision-making model has gradually taken shape that is characterized by CPC domination, participation by multiple entities, scientific proof, open process, and law-based operation.

中国的决策体制是中国政治体制的中枢系统,也是决定中国发展的关键因素。以中国共产党为领导核心的决策体制是在中国共产党领导革命、创建新中国的长期历史中形成的,具有其历史合理性。决策体制从建立到改革开放前呈现集中化的趋势。决策权力日趋集中的体制,存在着决策结构专业化分工程度不高、制度化程度低、偏重经验决策、决策过程封闭和缺乏自我修正与调节机制等弊端。改革开放后,决策体制改革的重点,是在决策结构、决策方式和决策机制三个主要方面推进决策的民主化、科学化和法治化建设。决策体制改革的实践证明,以决策民主化、科学化和法治化为导向的决策体制改革,成功应对了中国由经济和社会迅速变迁所带来的各种挑战。从政治发展的角度看,决策体制改革呈现出的基本趋势是:从个人决策向民主决策、从经验决策向科学决策、从决策组织高度集中向决策组织结构分化、从封闭式决策向开放式决策、从被动参与决策向自主参与决策、从决策非制度化向决策制度化转变。一个中国共产党主导、多方参与、科学论证、过程开放、依法运行的决策模式在决策体制改革的实践中初步形成。