滴灌条件下冬小麦土壤水分变化特征研究初报

Drip Irrigation for Winter Wheat under the Condition of a Preliminary Study on Variation Characteristics of Soil Moisture

【目的】一管6行布局是新疆滴灌冬小麦主要模式之一,研究其土壤水分变化特征,制定滴灌小麦优化灌溉制度。【方法】通过大田和小区试验结合,在冬前滴灌450 m3/hm2的基础上,设春后3 750、3 150和2 475 m3/hm2三个滴水量处理;采用烘干法测定毛管管下、毛管管间(离毛管45 cm)位置0～140 cm土层土壤水分含量。【结果】1管6行模式下,管下和管间位置土壤水分分布有一定差距,春后滴水量为3 150和2 475m3/hm2处理管间位置在水分胁迫情况下,土壤水分含量有一定的波动变化,消耗利用了更深层土壤水分;3 750 m3/hm2处理管下及管间位置不同土层土壤水分变化较稳定。【结论】在同等条件下,北疆地区滴灌冬小麦大田灌水定额应确定在750 m3/(hm2.次)范围为宜。

【Objective】 One tube six line mode is one of main pattern of drip irrigation of winter wheat in Xinjiang,and it is of great significance to study the variation characteristics of soil moisture to establish a suitable drip irrigation system.【Method】By field plot experiment combined with large area field,based on the winter drip irrigation 450 m3/hm2,three spring irrigation volumes of 3 750,3 150,2 475 m3/hm2 were set.Drying method was used for the determination of the soil water content under and between the capillary tubes（from capillary 45 cm） at the location 0-140 cm deep.【Result】The results showed that under 1 tube 6 line mode,the water content under and between the pipes was different,and it fluctuated in water stress condition after spring water volume is between 3 150 and 2 475 m3/hm2.Under that circumstance,the soil moisture at the deeper soil would be consumed.If the irrigation volume was 3 750 m3/hm2,the water change would be stable.【Conclusion】Under the same conditions,in the northern region of Xinjiang,the appropriate quota range of drip irrigation in winter wheat field should be 750 m3/hm2.