不同栽培措施对新疆灰枣一年生枣头枝抗寒力的影响

Effects of Different Cultivation on Annual Branch Cold Resistance of Xinjiang Huizao jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)

【目的】通过研究不同栽培处理对新疆灰枣(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)抗寒力的影响,从安全越冬的角度初步提出提高灰枣抗寒力的栽培措施基本参数,为制定灰枣合理的技术标准提供理论依据。【方法】设置4年生灰枣的生长后期水肥控制、负载量控制和生长延缓剂处理共23个田间栽培处理,测定和分析各处理一年生枣头枝-27℃胁迫的相对电导率、枝条组织活力、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量和束缚水/自由水5个指标,评价不同栽培处理对枝条抗寒力的影响。【结果】适宜的生长延缓剂处理可提高枝条束缚水比例和可溶性糖含量;生长后期浇水对枝条脯氨酸含量和束缚水比例影响较大;冬灌对枝条束缚水比例最大,对可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量影响较大;生长后期追肥对枝条束缚水比例影响较大;负载量对枝条可溶性糖含量影响较大。【结论】使用8 g/株的多效唑、8月初和9月中旬浇水2次、9月底追施磷钾肥1次、约75%的负载量、11月上旬冬灌等单项措施均能不同程度的提高4年生灰枣的枝条抗寒力。

【Objective】Effects of different cultivation on annual branch cold r esistance of Xinjiang Huizao jujube（Zizyphus jujuba Mill.） were evaluated to sele ct basic parameters for making appropriate cultivation method.【Method】23 cu lt ivation treatments including controls of irrigation and additional fertilizing i n late stages,controls of winter irrigation,controls of fruit loading and cont rol of retarded growing retarded were set on 4 years Xinjiang Huizao jujube.5 inde xes incl uding relative conductance,proline value,soluble total sugar value and bond wa ter/free water ratio of annual branches stressed under-27℃ were measured to ev aluate the effects on cold resistance.【Result】Proper growing retarded contro l increases bond water/free water ratio and soluble total sugar value of annual br anch.Irrigation in late stages takes effects on proline value and bond water/fr ee water ratio of annual branches.Proper winter irrigation increases bond water /free water ratio significantly,and effects soluble total sugar value and proli ne value certainly.Additional fertilizing in late stages effects branch bond wa ter/free water ratio Fruit loading effects branch soluble total sugar value.【Conclusion】Single cultivation method including Paclobutrazol（PP333） 8g per tree, twice irrigations at the beginning of August and mid-September,phosphorus pota ssium fertilizing once at the end of September,75%fuirt loading,winter irrigat ion in early November will increase annual branch cold resistance of Xinjiang Hu izao jujube varying.