太子参染色体倍性鉴定方法研究

Methods of Cell Chromosome Ploidy Identification for Pseudostellaria heterophylla

应用气孔观测法和染色体计数法,开展秋水仙素诱导后的太子参各株系染色体倍性鉴定.结果表明:太子参同源四倍体植株的气孔长度48-60μm,保卫细胞的叶绿体数量24-38个,染色体为2n=4x=64;二倍体植株的气孔长度36-44μm,保卫细胞的叶绿体数量12-22个,染色体为2n=2x=32.太子参四倍体植株的气孔长度明显比二倍体的长,四倍体的保卫细胞叶绿体数目大约是二倍体的两倍.对52个太子参株系的倍性鉴定显示植株成熟叶片下表皮气孔的大小及保卫细胞叶绿体的数量与其染色体数目形成准确的对应关系,气孔观测法可作为鉴别太子参四倍体与二倍体的简便方法,再用染色体计数法,能进一步确定其染色体倍性.

Using methods of stoma observation and chromosome counting,identified the chromosome ploidy of Pseudostellaria heterophylla after the induction by colchicines.The results showed that the autotetraploid plants had 48-60 μm stomata length,24-38 chloroplast number in stomata guard cell and 2n=4x=64 chromosome number;The diploid plants had 36-44 μm stomata length,12-22 chloroplast number in stomata guard cell and 2n=2x=32 chromosome number.Compared with diploid,autotetraploid showed characteristics of larger stomata and about two times chloroplast number in stomata guard cell.The results of 52 Pseudostellaria lines ploidy identification indicated that accurate corresponding relationship was formed between stomata size in mature leaf lower epidermis and chloroplast number in guard cell and chromosome number of plant.The stomatal observation method is a simple method to identifiy autotetraploid or diploid of Pseudostellaria,the chromosome counting method can further define its chromosome ploidy.