重商、自由重农与福利重农的思想内涵与比较研究——“经济—社会史”的综合分析框架

Thinking Connotation and Comparative Study about Mercantilism,Physiocracy and Agricultural Protectionism

重商主义、自由重农主义与福利重农主义背后的管制、放任与干预逻辑早已在古代希腊罗马文明中出现,只是囿于当时的"共同体本位"结构,因此市场与宪政难以并存、国家市场体系与福利性政府干预互为扞格,最终造成帝国晚期的财政危机与社会崩溃。中世纪晚期的重商主义与近代魁奈式自由重农主义的分歧其实并不在于重视商业还是重视农业之别,而在于重视"管制民权、放任国(官)权"还是重视"保障民权、限制国(官)权"之别。当代的福利重农政策是宪政主义逻辑下大政府责任的体现,因此与前宪政时代重商体系下的大政府弄权截然有别。当代中国应反思管制主义的历史教训,吸取自由重农主义与福利重农主义的双重政治经验。

Institutional gene of mercantilism,physiocracy and agricultural protectionism has appeared in ancient civilization,just because of community orientation＇s limitations,market and constitutionalism is difficult to coexist,national market system and welfare government intervention are in conflict,eventually cause financial crisis and social collapse in late roman empire.The fundamental difference between mercantilism and physiocracy isn＇t pay much attention to agriculture or business,is pay much attention to safeguard or suppress civil rights.The contemporary agricultural protectionism is the reflect of government responsibility under the logic of constitutionalism,so it is completely opposite to extending state power under the logic of mercantilism.Contemporary China should rethink profoundly statism＇s history lessons and absorb double political experience of physiocracy and agricultural protectionism.